Moreover the instrument is convenient to manipulate. The lower the number, the lower the hths viscosity of the oil and the higher the anticipated fuel efficiency benefits. C1 standard test method for measuring viscosity of new and used engine oils at high shear rate and high. Standard test method for measuring viscosity at high. The viscosity measurements also revealed that the classical models can be successfully applied for predicting the viscosity of al2o3 r718 nanofluids at low particle volume fractions. Study of hths viscosity of modern motor oils sciencedirect. For accuracy, have students repeat the experiment and calculate an average viscosity. In accordance with international viscosity classification sae j300 the viscosity of the multigrade motor oil is measured at a temperature 150 c and the shear rate.
For comparison, the viscosity of water is approximately 1 mpas. The physical principle of measurement is based on the rate at which a fluid flows under gravity through a capillary tube. Simply put viscosity is a physical property of a fluid or gas that reflects its tendency to flow. A lubricant composition that exhibits low high temperature high shear viscosity is disclosed. The obtained results have led to the development of a. Using engine oil to improve fuel economy everything you need to know about hths viscosity brian humphrey, oem technical liaison hd driveline, petrocanada lubricants. Anyone involved with flow characterization, in research or development, quality. In the mks system the unit of viscosity is nsm2 whereas in the cgs system the unit of viscosity is the poise 1 poise 1dyneseccm2. Thus, a rheometer can be considered as a special type of viscometer. The viscosity are measured under such conditions is called hths viscosity. Hths is the abbreviation for high temperature high share.
At present most instruments for measuring hths viscosity employ the same technique. Viscosity is a principal parameter when any flow measurements of fluids, such as liquids, semisolids, gases and even solids are made. Viscosity can be conceptualized as quantifying the frictional force that arises between adjacent layers of fluid that are in relative. If you are using a casting resin with a high viscosity, there is a chance the casting will entrap air. The most widely measured viscosity is the shear viscosity, and here we will concentrate on its measurement, although it should be noted that various extensional viscosities can also be defined and attempts can be made to measure. Guide to measuring oil viscosity 2 measuring kinematic viscosity gravimetric capillary the most widely used technique for measuring kinematic viscosity is the use of a gravimetric capillary that is temperature controlled, usually 40 c for single grade oils, and both 40 and 100 c for multigrade oils. Statistical analysis assisted in confirming the significance of changes in viscosity between measured oils. Shear thinning and hydrodynamic friction of viscosity.
This trend has been growing over the last several years and is spreading to the other regions of the world. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. Since 1938 cannon instrument company has been a leader in viscosity measurement. Astmd5481 standard test method for measuring apparent. Kinematic viscosity is merely the time it takes a quantity of the oil at the specified temperature to flow through a certain orifice. A frequent reason for the measurement of rheological properties can be found in the area of quality control, where raw materials must be consistent from batch to batch. Hths gives a much more realistic measure of what happens to the oil in the engine.
Traditionally, heavyduty diesel engine lubricants have had a minimum hths viscosity of 3. These two geometries were the capillary viscometer. We provide a broad range of viscosity standards and flash point reference materials to customers across various industries. We commonly refer to high viscosity fluids as being thick and low viscosity fluids as being thin. The coaxial rotorstator design permits the exact measurement of. Standard test method for measuring apparent viscosity at. A rheometer is used for those fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity and therefore require more parameters to be set and measured than is the case for a viscometer. If the mixed viscosity of the mold rubber you are using is higher than 15,000 cps, you may want to consider vacuum degassing the liquid mold rubber. Viscosity measurement viscosity is measured with various types of viscometers and rheometers.
Standard test method for measuring apparent viscosity at high. Changes in viscosity due to shear rate increase from 106 s. Viscometer became the worlds first high shear viscometer. Hths viscosity is a very different measure than the kinematic viscosity measures in centistokes. How is hths viscosity measured lubrizol additives 360. Viscosity measurements are made in conjunction with product quality and efficiency. Viscosity measurement series constanttemperature baths for viscometers glass viscometers as per jis k 2283 3000 made in japan as per jis k 2283 3000 along with the growth of the petrochemistry, polymer chemistry, and other industries involving viscous materials, viscosity measurements are increasingly being performed for a variety of fluids. Our standards calibrate and verify the performance of glass capillary viscometers, automated kinematic viscometers, rotational viscometers. Hightemperature, high shear rate rotational absolute viscosity. Why the hths viscosity is an important characteristic for motor oil. Pdf highpressure viscosity measurement of fatty acids and oils.
D5481 standard test method for measuring apparent viscosity at high temperature and. For liquids with viscosities which vary with flow conditions, an instrument called a rheometer is used. Conducted hths studies to measure the viscosity loss of sae 10w30 oils after extended shear using the kurt orbahn test. This behavior of viscosity increase with shear was observed primarily on 5w30 oils, and primarily those purchased in europe. The lubricant composition is made up of a first polymer having a kinematic viscosity ratio less than or equal to 0. Pdf study of hths viscosity of modern motor oils researchgate. Lubricants developed for motor vehicle applications are typically nonnewtonian, making it necessary to reproduce the shear rate found in engines when measuring the viscosity.
What does viscosity mean to you when selecting a casting resin. Astm d4741 18 standard test method for measuring viscosity at. Ca2646858a1 lubricant compositions with low hths for a. Understanding the sae motor oil viscosity standard what is motor oil viscosity.
Viscosity measurement background accurate measurement of dynamic viscosity at very high shear rates is of particular concern in the automotive industry. The shear stress is generated between a tapered steel plug and copper. Measurement of kinematic viscosity purpose to measure the kinematic viscosity of a fluid, the uncertainty of the measurement, to compare the measured kinematic viscosity to the manufacturers value, and to demonstrate the effects of viscosity by comparison of the fall times for spheres of different densities. It is the apparent viscosity of a multigrade engine oil at 150 c high temperature in the engine compartment and a velocity gradient of 10 6 s1 in a defined measuring vessel according to the method cecl36a97. Handbooks commonly quote viscosity in centipoise 1 cp 0. Viscosity measurement purpose the purpose of this experiment is to measure the viscosity of a glycerinwater mixture with a thomasstormer viscometer. This precision is sufficiently good for works control, has been satisfactory for trading, and is within the requirements demanded by efficient lubrication. High temperature high shear hths viscosity is the way we measure the ability of fully warmed 150c302f oil to flow within the narrow confines of fast moving engine parts. Trends in shear stability of automotive engine oils. Useful tool to compare the performance of the viscosity index improvers specifically looking at the ability to retain viscosity after shear.
This method is commonly referred to as the brookfield method and is described in astm d2983. However, it is interesting to note that the hths viscosity of the 0w20 and the polyalkylene glycolbased lubricant is identical. High temperature hths viscosity standards astm d4683, d4741, d5481, d6616 cannon high temperature viscosity standards are produced in accordance with astm d5481, apparent viscosity at hightemperature and highshear rate by multicell capillary viscometer and astm d4741, viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate by tapered plug viscometer. Sae 2008011621 shanghai 08 hths paper semantic scholar. Calculate the viscosity of the fluid using the following equation, where g is acceleration due to gravity 981 cms 2. Measurement and relationship to engine operation james a. Mar 01, 2007 highpressure viscosity measurement of fatty acids and oils article pdf available in high pressure research 271. D474118 standard test method for measuring viscosity at high. The viscosity of a liquid see viscosity is measured using a viscometer, and the best viscometers are those which are able to create and control simple flow fields. While less common than kinematic viscosity, absolute viscosity and the brookfield viscometer are used in formulating engine oils. This is achieved by the use of a different range of newtonian calibration fluids. The precision has not been studied for any temperature or viscosity range not noted in the precision section. A viscometer also called viscosimeter is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. The torque exerted by viscous shear on the rotor is.
Spearot astm international, 1989 automobiles 103 pages. The dimensions of viscosity are force per unit area divided by velocity gradient as in eq. Astm d4741 18 standard test method for measuring viscosity. A large number of articles is devoted to experimental studies hths viscosity engine oils 719. Kinematic viscosity is the dynamic viscosity divided by the fluid density. Hydrodynamic friction of viscositymodified oils in a journal. The fullautomation manual injection package with laptop.
D5481 standard test method for measuring apparent viscosity at hightemperature and. Changes in viscosity due to shear rate increase from 10 6 s 1 to 1,8 10 6 s 1 are presented for oils of classes sae 5w30, 5w40, 5w50. D5481 standard test method for measuring apparent viscosity. The obtained results have led to the development of a statistical model to calculate average predictive values of hths viscosity.
The measurement is carried out in a rotational viscometer. A weight, w, is used to drive a rotor that is partially submerged in a sample of liquid. May 22, 2015 simple explanation for hths parameter. Dynamic viscosities are usually measured under high shear conditions. Statistical analysis of hths viscosity rating of presentday engine. From viscosity measurement, we can obtain much useful behavioral and predictive information for various products. It is known that hths viscosity of the multigrade motor oils affects the wear of the ice and affects the fuel efficiency. Hths occurs in contact areas, such as the ringliner interface, valvetrain and gear contacts.
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